Karachi is the big city of Pakistan and second largest city in the world.
Karachi (Urdu: کراچی; Sindhi: ڪراچي; ALA-LC: Karācī, IPA: [kəˈrɑːˌtʃi] (
listen)) is the capital of Sindh, and is the largest and most populous city in Pakistan,[13] as well as the 7th largest in the world[14] and the world's second most populous city proper. Ranked as a beta world city,[15][16] the city is Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre.[17] Karachi is also Pakistan's most cosmopolitan city.[18] Located on the shores of the Arabian Sea, Karachi is a major transportation hub, home to two of Pakistan's largest seaports, the Port of Karachi and Port Bin Qasim, as well as the busiest airport in Pakistan.
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Though the surroundings of Karachi have been inhabited for millennia,[19] the city itself was founded as a village named Kolachi[20] which was established as a fortified settlement in 1729.[21] The settlement increased in importance drastically with the arrival of British colonialists, who not only embarked on major works to transform the city into a major seaport, but also connected it with their extensive railway network.[20] By the time of the Partition of India, the city was the largest in Sindh with an estimated population of 400,000.[18] Immediately following the independence of Pakistan, the city's population increased dramatically with the arrival of thousands of Muslim immigrants from India,[22] with Karachi remaining the primary destination of Indian Muslim migrants throughout the 1950s and 1960s.[23] The city experienced rapid economic growth following independence, attracting migrants from throughout Pakistan and South Asia.[24]
Karachi is one of Pakistan's most secular and socially liberal cities.[25][26][27] It is also the most linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse city in Pakistan.[18] With an estimated population of between 15 and 23.5 million people in its greater metropolitan region,[8][28] Karachi is considered to be the largest city in the Muslim world,[29] and is the world's 7th most populous urban agglomeration.[14][30] Karachi is one of the world's fastest growing cities,[31] and has communities representing almost every ethnic group in Pakistan. Karachi is home to over 2 million Bangladeshi immigrants, 1 million Afghan refugees, and 400,000 Rohingyas from Myanmar.[32][33][34]
Karachi is now Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre. The city has a formal economy estimated to be worth $113 billion as of 2014.[35] Karachi collects over a third of Pakistan's tax revenue,[36] and generates approximately 20% of Pakistan's GDP.[37][38] Approximately 30% of Pakistani industrial output is from Karachi,[39] while Karachi's ports handle approximately 95% of Pakistan's foreign trade.[40] Approximately 90% of the multinational corporations operating in Pakistan are headquartered in Karachi.[40] Up to 70% of Karachi's workforce is employed in the informal economy,[41] which is typically not included in GDP calculations.[42]
Known as the "City of Lights" in the 1960s and 1970s for its vibrant nightlife,[43] Karachi was beset by sharp ethnic, sectarian, and political conflict in the 1980s with the arrival of weaponry during the Soviet-Afghan war.[44] The city had become well known for its high rates of violent crime, but recorded crimes sharply decreased following a controversial crackdown operation against criminals, the MQM political party, and Islamist militants initiated in 2013 by the Pakistan Rangers.[45] The city's murder rate in 2015 had decreased by 75% compared to 2013, and kidnappings decreased by 90%,with the improved security environment triggering sharp increases in real-estate prices.
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